Once created, diagnostic and risk biochip(s) will require validation in a separate Validation Study, which will be undertaken after optimisation of the biochip. The biomarkers are proteins that will be measured in urine or blood from the patients recruited to HaBio.  Antibodies that bind to each of the proteins in the diagnostic classifier will be formatted onto a biochip.  When blood or urine is added to the surface of the biochip, the protein biomarkers in the serum or blood will each bind to their matching antibody on the biochip. The HaBio biochip(s) will have to pass all quality control tests and then be validated in patients in primary care settings.  HaBio will therefore bridge the gap between Proof of Concept and a future Validation Study.